Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga njira zopangira zakudya zikusintha mwakachetechete. Matumba am'mapulasitiki achikhalidwe alandira chidwi chochulukirapo chifukwa chakuwononga chilengedwe. Maiko achitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosawonongeka. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momwe matumba a chakudya alili pano, zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo, komanso njira zachitukuko zamtsogolo.
1. Mkhalidwe wamakono wa matumba a chakudya
Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakunyamula m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, matumba azakudya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu, malo odyera, zotengera ndi zina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiŵerengero cha matumba apulasitiki opangidwa padziko lonse chaka chilichonse amafika mabiliyoni mabiliyoni, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya matumbawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika chakudya. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki kwabweretsa mavuto aakulu a chilengedwe. Zimatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti pulasitiki iwonongeke m'chilengedwe, ndipo zinthu zovulaza zidzatulutsidwa panthawi ya kuwonongeka, kuipitsa nthaka ndi madzi.
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, mayiko ndi madera ambiri ayamba kuzindikira vutoli ndipo akhazikitsa ndondomeko zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki. Mwachitsanzo, European Union idapereka Plastic Bags Directive mu 2015, yomwe ikufuna kuti mayiko omwe ali mamembala achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki otayidwa mpaka 90 pa munthu aliyense pachaka pofika 2021. Kuphatikiza apo, China yakhazikitsanso "kuletsa pulasitiki" m'mizinda yambiri kulimbikitsa mabizinesi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka.
2. Zowopsa zachilengedwe zamatumba apulasitiki
Kuopsa kwachilengedwe kwa matumba apulasitiki kumawonekera makamaka pazinthu izi:
Kuipitsa m’madzi: Zikwama zambiri zapulasitiki zimatayidwa mwakufuna kwake ndipo pamapeto pake zimapita m’nyanja, n’kukhala mbali ya zinyalala za m’nyanja. Zamoyo za m'madzi molakwika zimadya matumba apulasitiki, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kapena kukula kwachilendo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.
Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka: Matumba apulasitiki akawola m’nthaka, amatulutsa mankhwala ovulaza, omwe amasokoneza ubwino wa nthaka ndi kukula kwa zomera.
Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu: Kupanga matumba apulasitiki kumawononga mafuta ambiri, omwe akanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa matumba a zakudya zowonongeka
Poyang'anizana ndi mavuto a chilengedwe omwe amadza chifukwa cha matumba apulasitiki, makampani ambiri ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi ayamba kupanga matumba a zakudya zowonongeka. Matumbawa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zongowonjezwdwa monga chomera wowuma ndi polylactic acid (PLA), zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe pansi pamikhalidwe ina, kuchepetsa kulemedwa kwa chilengedwe.
Matumba owuma: Chikwama chamtundu uwu chimapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopangira mbewu monga chimanga chowuma, ndipo chimakhala ndi biocompatibility ndi kuwonongeka kwabwino. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti matumba wowuma zomera akhoza kuonongeka kotheratu m'miyezi ingapo pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera.
Matumba a Polylactic acid: Polylactic acid ndi bioplastic yopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa (monga chimanga wowuma) yokhala ndi makina abwino komanso owonekera, oyenera kunyamula chakudya. Matumba a polylactic acid amatha kuwonongeka mkati mwa miyezi 6 pansi pamikhalidwe ya kompositi yamakampani.
Zida zina zatsopano: Kuwonjezera pa chomera chowuma ndi polylactic acid, ochita kafukufuku akufufuzanso zinthu zina zowonongeka, monga zowonjezera zam'madzi, mycelium, ndi zina zotero. Zida zatsopanozi sizongowononga zachilengedwe, komanso zimapereka ntchito yabwino yosungiramo katundu.
4. Zovuta za matumba azakudya osawonongeka
Ngakhale matumba azakudya owonongeka ali ndi maubwino odziwikiratu pakuteteza chilengedwe, amakumanabe ndi zovuta pakukweza ndikugwiritsa ntchito:
Nkhani Zamtengo: Pakalipano, mtengo wopangira zinthu zowonongeka nthawi zambiri ndi wokwera kuposa wazinthu zamapulasitiki zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa amalonda ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki otsika mtengo posankha zomangira.
Chidziwitso cha ogula: Ogula ambiri alibe chidziwitso chokwanira cha matumba a chakudya omwe amawonongeka ndipo amazolowerabe kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe. Momwe mungasinthire chidziwitso cha chilengedwe cha anthu ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti asankhe zinthu zowonongeka ndiye chinsinsi cha kukwezedwa.
Dongosolo lobwezeretsanso: Kubwezeretsanso ndi kukonza matumba azakudya owonongeka kumafuna kukhazikitsa makina omvera. Pakadali pano, malo ambiri sanapangebe njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso, zomwe zingayambitse matumba owonongeka kuti asakanizidwe ndi matumba apulasitiki wamba panthawi ya chithandizo, zomwe zimakhudza kuwonongeka.
5. Chitukuko chamtsogolo
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kutchuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matumba azakudya osawonongeka, maboma, mabizinesi ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi akuyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuchita izi:
Thandizo la ndondomeko: Boma liyenera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zoyenera kulimbikitsa mabizinesi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosawonongeka, ndikupereka ndalama zothandizira kapena zolimbikitsira msonkho kwa mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matumba omwe amawonongeka.
Maphunziro kwa anthu: Kupyolera mu kulengeza ndi maphunziro, kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha anthu za matumba a zakudya zowonongeka ndi kulimbikitsa ogula kuti asankhe zinthu zomwe zimateteza chilengedwe.
Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo: Kuchulukitsa ndalama pakufufuza ndi kupanga zinthu zosawonongeka, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azinthu kuti zikwaniritse zomwe msika ukufunikira.
Limbikitsani makina obwezeretsanso: Khazikitsani ndi kukonza njira yobwezeretsanso ndi kuchiritsa zinthu zosawonongeka kuti zitsimikizire kuwonongeka kwake zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kutsiliza: Msewu wopita ku chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha matumba a chakudya ndi wautali komanso wovuta, koma ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso lamakono komanso kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha anthu, tili ndi zifukwa zokhulupirira kuti kulongedza chakudya m'tsogolomu kudzakhala kobiriwira komanso kosamalira chilengedwe. Kupyolera mu kuyesetsa limodzi, tikhoza kupanga malo abwino okhalamo kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2024
